Oclusión basada en evidencia: rompiendo paradigmas / Occlusion based on evidence: breaking paradigms

La odontología basada en evidencias es una metodología que busca que las decisiones clínicas diarias que toman los profesionales en estomatología se encuentren fundamentadas en la evidencia científica, en ella se integran las experiencias clínicas, las necesidades, las preferencias del paciente y la evidencia clínicamente relevante más actual analizada por pares. Estos pilares son parte del proceso en la toma de decisiones para la atención al paciente. La odontología basada en evidencias surge de las exitosas experiencias obtenidas con el desarrollo e implementación de la medicina fundamentada en pruebas, al aplicar el método científico en la evaluación, planificación y toma de decisiones de las prestaciones sanitarias, sobre todo a través de los estudios controlados. En general, toda la práctica odontológica ha tenido grandes avances basados en evidencias, con hechos verídicos comprobados, pero los conceptos fundamentales de oclusión no han tenido una mejora cimentada en el conocimiento científico, prueba de ello es que se siguen ocupando teorías y conceptos de las filosofías de oclusión en la rehabilitación de muchos pacientes, seguimos creyendo en mitos y sofismas que no han podido ser demostrados. En esta revisión, demostramos los grandes avances en los conceptos de oclusión e invitamos a todos los odontólogos a romper los paradigmas de la oclusión antigua sin evidencias científicas y a utilizar las herramientas del método científico en la práctica clínica odontológica (AU)

Evidence-based dentistry is a strategy that seeks to ensure that the daily clinical decisions made by the dental professional are based on scientific evidence. It integrates the clinical experience of the dentist, the needs and preferences of the patient, and the most current relevant clinical evidence. All three are part of the decision-making process for patient care. Evidence-based dentistry arises from the successful experiences obtained with the development and implementation of evidence-based medicine, applying the scientific method in the evaluation, planning and decision-making of health benefits, especially through controlled studies. In general, all dental practice has had great advances based on evidence, with proven true facts, but the fundamental concepts of occlusion have not had an improvement based on scientific knowledge, proof of this is that theories and concepts continue to be used. of the philosophies of occlusion in patient rehabilitation, we follow myths and sophisms that have not been demonstrated, in this review, we demonstrate the great advances in the concepts of occlusion and we know all dentists to break the paradigms of the old occlusion without scientific evidence (AU)

Reflexionando sobre la odontología en escenarios de hoy y de mañana / Reflecting on dentistry in current and future scenarios

Esta reflexión plantea una auto interpelación e instala a la odontología ­mi odontología­ en el escenario global de la salud. Cada pregunta formulada reproduce una certeza con- templada o vivida; cada hipótesis representa una duda espe- ranzada. Los actores de la odontología deberemos dar res- puestas a las preguntas que nos formula el siglo XXI porque "la salud global se construye mediante un préstamo que nos está haciendo el mañana" (AU)

In this reflection, I ask myself questions and situate den- tistry ­my dentistry­ in the global health scenario. Each ques- tion replicates a certainty that has been considered or expe- rienced, and each hypothesis expresses a hopeful doubt. As actors involved in dentistry, we will have to provide answers to the questions posed by the 21st century, because "global health is constructed based on time being loaned to us by the future" (AU)

Evidence-based dentistry or meta-analysis illness? A commentary on current publishing trends in the field of temporomandibular disorders and bruxism.

The field of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and bruxism research has recently witnessed a publishing trend leaning towards an overuse of systematic reviews (SRs) that contribute little or nothing to current knowledge. The majority of these seem to be more methodological exercises than manuscripts prepared to provide clinicians and researchers with up-to-date information to advance knowledge. In addition, given the increasing number of researchers who have been reviewing the dental literature on various topics without seemingly having any specific clinical or scientific background in the topic under review, the ultimate value of some SRs is questionable. Some of them end up producing meta-analyses (MAs) to give "numbers" (eg, risk measures and strength of association) that do not have a biological basis, due to the clinical heterogeneity of the articles being reviewed. Based on the above, the present commentary discusses this ongoing publishing trend that is affecting the TMD and bruxism field, which does not align well with the core principles of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). Ideally, EBD should be derived from a combination of literary, clinical and patient-centred information, but relying only on the bibliographic aspects could potentially expose less expert clinicians and other readers who merely browse the literature to incomplete, misdirected or even incorrect conclusions.

¿Es necesario la remoción preventiva de las restauraciones de amalgama antigua en boca?. Evidencia clínica y legislativa (II) / Is necessary the remotion of old amalgam restorations?. Clinical and law evidence (II)

Después de años de cuidadosa investigación y de revisar más de 200 estudios científicos, la Administración de alimentos y fármacos de los Estados Unidos (FDA) reitera que la amalgama dental es un material seguro y efectivo para el uso de las restauraciones dentales. La Asociación Dental Americana (ADA) concuerda con la Administración de Alimentos y Fármacos de Estados Unidos (FDA) en su decisión de no establecer ninguna restricción en el uso de la amalgama dental, material de empaste comúnmente utilizado. "La FDA ha dejado la decisión sobre el tratamiento dental justo donde debiera estar: entre el dentista y el paciente", afirma el doctor John S. Findley, presidente del ADA."Esta decisión subraya lo que el: ADA lleva defendiendo desde hace tiempo: un debate entre dentistas y pacientes sobre la amplia variedad de opciones de tratamiento que ayude a que los pacientes sean conscientes de sus decisiones con respecto a su salud dental". La resolución de la FDA cataloga la amalgama encapsulada como un dispositivo médico de clase II, lo que la sitúa en la misma clase que los empastes de oro y composite. La Asociación Dental Americana (ADA) ha defendido la designación de clase II para la amalgama desde que la FDA la propuso por primera vez en 2002

After years of careful research and over 200 scientific reviews, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reiterates that dental amalgam is a safe and effective material for the use of dental restorations. The American Dental Association (ADA) agrees with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in its decision not to impose any restrictions on the use of dental amalgam, a commonly used filling material. "The FDA has left the decision about dental treatment right where it should be - between the dentist and the patient", says Dr. John S. Findley, president of the ADA. "This decision underscores what the ADA has been advocating for a long time: A debate between dentists and patients about the wide variety of treatment options that will help patients be aware of their decisions regarding their dental health. "The FDA resolution classifies encapsulated amalgam as a Class II medical device, placing it in the same class as the gold and composite fillings. The American Dental Association (ADA) has advocated class II designation for amalgam since the FDA first proposed it in 2002

Manejo de las infecciones odontogénicas en las consultas de atención primaria: ¿antibiótico? / Management of odontogenic infections in Primary Care: Antibiotic?

Nuestro objetivo es intentar contribuir al uso racional de los antibióticos prescritos por los médicos de familia cuando un paciente consulta por un problema odontológico. Actualmente la pregunta que nos debemos hacer es si hay que tomar antibiótico, en lugar de cuál dar. Revisamos las principales infecciones odontológicas, cuál debe ser el tratamiento adecuado y el papel de la prevención. Es necesario conocer la complejidad de la microflora de la cavidad oral, pues de ella dependerá la conveniencia de antibioterapia, la evolución hacia la curación o la progresión de algunas infecciones odontogénicas. La placa bacteriana, formada por el biofilm, se comporta como una barrera para la acción de los antimicrobianos. Es en la prevención de su formación, así como en la eliminación mecánica de esta una vez formada, en lo que el médico de familia debe insistir. Debemos transmitir a la población que los antibióticos no curan el dolor dental

Our aim is to contribute to the rational use of antibiotics prescribed by family doctors when a patient consults for a dental problem. Nowadays we should not ask which antibiotic to give. The question has to be if we need to prescribe antibiotics in front of the most common odontogenic infections seen in our practice. We review the main dental infections, which should be their appropriate management and the role of prevention. We need to know the complexity of the oral microbiome because it’l depend on the appropriateness of the antibiotherapy, the evolution towards cure or progression of some odontogenic infections. The bacterial plaque, formed by the biofilm, behaves as a barrier to the action of antimicrobials. It’s in the prevention of its development as well as in it mechanical elimination once shaped, in what the family doctor should insist. We must transmit antibiotics don’t heal dental pain

Evidence-based prosthodontics: fundamental considerations, limitations, and guidelines.

Evidence-based dentistry is rapidly emerging to become an integral part of patient care, dental education, and research. Prosthodontics is a unique dental specialty that encompasses art, philosophy, and science and includes reversible and irreversible treatments. It not only affords good applicability of many principles of evidence-based dentistry but also poses numerous limitations. This article describes the epidemiologic background, fundamental considerations, scrutiny of levels of evidence, limitations, guidelines, and future perspectives of evidence-based prosthodontics. Understanding these principles can aid clinicians in appropriate appraisal of the prosthodontics literature and use the best available evidence for making confident clinical decisions and optimizing patient care.

Changes in orthodontic treatment modalities in the past 20 years: exploring the link between technology and scientific evidence.

STATEMENT OF THE ISSUE: Is there a link between the many perceived advances in orthodontic techniques/therapy and science in the past 20 years? The purpose of this paper is to take five topics and match the perceptions with the scientific evidence. The variety of appliances and the swings in treatment philosophy have been dramatic, including the swing from extraction to non-extraction therapy, the introduction of space-age wires, appliances that grow mandibles, the introduction and extraordinary growth of Invisalign, and reduced friction brackets to reduce treatment time, all with claims by manufacturers of better results than ever before. The focus is on faster treatment, reduced visits/appointments and superior results. Most of these 'advancements' represent what has been the 'juggernaut of technology'. Five questions are posed, and an evidence-based approach is used to critically examine the literature in these selected topics.

Ian Needleman: 'the spirit of positivity at London 2012 was incredible'. Interview by Ruth Doherty.

Ian Needleman talks to the BDJ about his research study at the London 2012 Olympic Games, the future of periodontology and his top tips for dental students.

Me voy al dentista: ¿antibiótico como prevención o como tratamiento? / I’m going to the dentist: Antibiotic as a prevention or as a treatment?

Las infecciones odontogénicas representan el 10% de las prescripciones antibióticas. A pesar de la reconocida frecuencia e importancia de estas llama la atención la frecuente confusión entre profilaxis y tratamiento. La cavidad bucal forma un complejo ecosistema compuesto por más de 500 especies bacterianas. Es indispensable la anamnesis y exploración de cada infección y conocer los antecedentes que modifiquen nuestra conducta terapéutica y/o profiláctica. Durante muchos años ha sido aceptado el uso de la profilaxis con antibióticos en pacientes con riesgo de endocarditis infecciosa. Actualmente sus indicaciones se están restringiendo y en muchas ocasiones los riesgos de tomar antibiótico preventivo son superiores a los beneficios. Carecemos de estudios para conocer el antibiótico y la pauta mejor indicada. Hemos de basarnos en el documento de consenso español. Tampoco sabemos cómo influye el uso de antibióticos en las resistencias, no solo de la cepa patógena sino también en la flora habitual del paciente(AU)

Odontogenic infections account for 10% of all antibiotic prescriptions in Spain. Despite the frequency and importance of these infections, there is often confusion between prophylaxis and treatment. The oral cavity is a complex ecosystem made up of over 500 bacterial species. It is essential to take the medical history, examine each infection, and know about previous illnesses that could change our therapeutic and/or prophylactic attitude. The use of prophylaxis with antibiotics in patients at risk of infective endocarditis has been accepted for many years. Nowadays this is being restricted, and in many cases the risks of taking preventive antibiotics outweigh its benefits. There are no serious studies to determine the best antibiotic and its dosage, thus the Spanish consensus guidelines have to be followed. It is not known how the misuse of antibiotics influences bacterial resistance, not only on pathogen strains, but also on the common oral flora(AU)